Daily Archives: April 22, 2011

Earth Day: NASA’s View of Earth (2)


Eyes on the Earth – Click for 3D Animation
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EARTH WATCH – NASA
Viewed from space, the most striking feature of our planet is the water. In both liquid and frozen form, it covers 75% of the Earth’s surface. It fills the sky with clouds. Water is practically everywhere on Earth, from inside the planet’s rocky crust to inside the cells of the human body.

Like rivers of liquid water, glaciers flow downhill, with tributaries joining to form larger rivers. But where water rushes, ice crawls. As a result, glaciers gather dust and dirt, and bear long-lasting evidence of past movements. Image Credit: NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science

One of the fascinating aspects of viewing Earth at night is how well the lights show the distribution of people. In this view of Egypt, the population is shown to be almost completely concentrated along the Nile Valley, just a small percentage of the country’s land area.

Cloudless skies allowed a clear view of dust and hydrogen sulfide plumes along the coast of Namibia in early August 2010. Multiple dust plumes blow off the coast toward the ocean, most or all of them probably arising from streambeds. The winds are hot and dry as they pass over Namibia’s coastal plain, where they are prone to stir fine sediments. Even with dust plumes overhead, the marked change in land cover is obvious along the Kuiseb River.

Off the east coast of New Zealand, cold rivers of water that have branched off from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current flow north past the South Island and converge with warmer waters flowing south past the North Island. The surface waters of this meeting place are New Zealand’s most biologically productive. This image of the area on October 25, 2009, from the MODIS sensor on NASA’s Aqua satellite shows the basis for that productivity: large blooms of plantlike organisms called phytoplankton.

Tens of thousands of people living within the danger zone of Mayon Volcano in the Philippines were forced to evacuate to emergency shelters in mid-December 2009 as small earthquakes, incandescent lava at the summit and minor ash falls suggested a major eruption was on the way. Image Credit: NASA/Jesse Allen

The south end of Eleuthera Island in the Bahamas shimmers in turquoise waters in this 2002 photo from the International Space Station.

This photo from the International Space Station shows the salt ponds of one of Africa’s major producers of soda ash (sodium carbonate) and salt. Soda ash is used for in making glass, in metallurgy, in the detergent industry and in chemical manufacture.

Red, salt-loving algae in the ponds indicate that the salinity of the evaporating water is medium to high.

This composite image, which has become a popular poster, shows a global view of Earth at night, compiled from over 400 satellite images. NASA researchers have used these images of nighttime lights to study weather around urban areas.

Taking network neutrality personally


By Brian Dipert – I hope by now that my consistent stance on network neutrality is clear. As I wrote in June 2008, circumventing network neutrality might involve the performance degradation or a complete blockage of services, protocols, or ports.

The network-neutrality debate will soon affect my broadband pipe, which AT&T’s DSL (digital subscriber line) provides. AT&T will begin on May 2 instituting bandwidth caps of 150 Gbytes/month for copper-delivered DSL customers and 250 Gbytes/month for fiber-supplied U-verse users. Beyond that threshold, AT&T will charge $10 for incremental 50-Gbyte upstream and downstream bandwidth usage per month. Note that AT&T chose to institute bandwidth caps rather than throttle down temporary customer-specific bandwidth during heavy network-usage periods, which some other wired and wireless ISPs employ. more> http://tinyurl.com/3ovz7up

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The Granddaddy of All Bubbles?


By Peter Coy and Roben Farzad – World markets are frothing like shaken Champagne. It’s as if 2008 never happened. Once again the world’s investors are pumping up bubbles that will probably explode in their faces.

Some economists such as Jaume Ventura and Alberto Martin of Barcelona’s Universitat Pompeu Fabra go so far as to argue that bubbles are the price we pay for vigorous growth. They say the optimism reflected in sharply rising prices can become a self-fulfilling prophecy: Rising prices induce more hiring and investment. That generates the growth that justifies even higher prices, and so on in a virtuous upward spiral. Of course, eventually the bubble pops and causes a mess. Yet however jarring a boom-bust economy may be, they say, it’s better than an over-regulated economy stuck in perpetual under-performance. “The bubble has costs. But you prefer the world with the bubble over the one without the bubble,” says Ventura. more> http://tinyurl.com/6zk43o7

The EU’s role in global governance


EurActiv – While ‘global governance’ is a relatively new term, it refers to a very old issue: cooperation between sovereign states on shared challenges. These, which were initially largely limited to peace and security, have significantly expanded in recent years.

They now include trade negotiations on tariff reductions, agriculture and intellectual property rights, responses to economic and financial crises, environmental issues such as climate change and biodiversity, counter-terrorism, nuclear proliferation, migration, drug and human trafficking, and health risks such as pandemics.

One major problem is the phenomenon of ‘free-riding’, by which some countries bear the burden of acting on some issues, while the benefits of such initiative are spread out among others. A good example of this is climate change, where the economic costs of reducing CO2 emissions are national, but the potential benefits are shared across the globe.

It is uncertain whether the EU will be able to meet the challenge of defining the rules for the next century and not find itself marginalized on the world stage by the United States, China and other emerging countries. more> http://tinyurl.com/42ngmfo

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Siemens Wins Billion-Euro Train Contract in Largest Order Ever


By Richard Weiss – Siemens AG (SIE) won an order from German national rail company Deutsche Bahn AG for as many as 300 trains, marking the largest contract to date in the German engineering company’s history.

Deutsche Bahn will buy the ICx-dubbed trains for delivery until 2030, with an initial lot of 130 units. The first two tranches of the order, comprising 220 trains, is worth about 6 billion euros ($8.7 billion). more> http://tinyurl.com/435e3ve

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